1938, en un coloquio en París, Alexander Rustow acuñó el término «Neoliberalismo», bajo los siguientes principios: abandono de la intervención estatal, combate a la inflación, equilibrio presupuestal, estado sometido al individuo, libertad absoluta de los mercados, fin del Estado-bienestar, economía abierta, integración de las economías, limitación de los gastos sociales, control de la expansión monetaria, control de los países por los organismos internacionales, globalización económica y política, eliminación de las barreras arancelarias, occidentalización de los valores que llevan al desarrollo.
Según Thomas Piketty, autor de “Le Capital au XXIsiecle”, obra que hace estragos entre los economistas neoliberales, parece que el llamado “principio de la acumulación indefinida”, o sea la tendencia que posee el capital de acumularse y concentrarse en proporciones infinitas y sin límite -aceptada ya como inevitable por clásicos como David Ricardo y Marx-, mantiene su plena vigencia.
Y esto, a pesar de que se predicó que el “libre juego del mercado” lograría que el capital se controlara a sí mismo.
Esa tendencia parecía haber sido contrarrestada según la llamada “curva de Kuznets”: un ejercicio matemático usado en los años 50 del siglo pasado para demostrar que ese enorme defecto del capitalismo se corrige en EE.UU. y los países desarrollados, mediante un proceso de desarrollo económico que principió a fines del siglo XIX y continuaba aún después de la II guerra mundial; lo cual sería ejemplo a seguir por los países atrasados.
Sin embargo Piketty demuestra , con abundantes cifras, que el mismo proceso indefinido de acumulación y concentración del capital ha retornado desde los años 80 del siglo XX, y continúa proyectándose al futuro.
Aunque el capitalismo obedece a tendencias como esta, nada impide que sean contrarrestadas políticamente con el fin de luchar contra la desigualdad. Para corregir esos efectos nocivos, los partidarios de “La tercer vía” han lanzado una consigna: “tanto mercado como sea posible, tanta intervención del Estado como sea necesaria”.
Pues la economía, según el profesor Giddens, a diferencia de las leyes de la naturaleza es obra de humanos. Y estos, si realmente se lo proponen, siempre podrán cambiar su conducta social.
Y entre los dos no me gusta ninguno. Por las mismas razones: se trata de dos personajes autoritarios, mesiánicos, ensimismados, ególatras y populistas. En cuanto a la egolatría y la impostura, según Javier Cercas: “Se caracterizan por la fe ciega y sin motivo en la propia grandeza, por la necesidad compulsiva de admiración y por la falta de empatía.
El narcisista posee un sentido exagerado de la propia importancia, practica el autobombo sin pudor, a todas horas y con cualquier excusa y, haya hecho lo que haya hecho, espera ser reconocido como un individuo superior, admirado sin resquicios y tratado con unción”.
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